select 句 (C# リファレンス)

[アーティクル]
07/20/2023

クエリ式で、select 句は、クエリが実行されたときに生成される値の型を指定します。結果は、以前のすべての句の評価と select 句自体の式に基づいています。クエリ式は、select 句または group 句のいずれかで終了する必要があります。

次の例は、クエリ式での単純な select 句を示したものです。

class SelectSample1
{
    static void Main()
    {
        //Create the data source
        List<int> Scores = [97, 92, 81, 60];

        // Create the query.
        IEnumerable<int> queryHighScores =
            from score in Scores
            where score > 80
            select score;

        // Execute the query.
        foreach (int i in queryHighScores)
        {
            Console.Write(i + " ");
        }
    }
}
//Output: 97 92 81

select 句によって生成されるシーケンスの型は、クエリ変数 queryHighScores の型を決定します。最も簡単なケースでは、select 句は、範囲変数だけを指定します。これにより、返されるシーケンスにデータソースと同じ型の要素が含まれます。詳細については、「LINQ クエリ操作での型の関係」を参照してください。ただし、select 句は、ソースデータを新しい型に変換する (または投影する) ための強力なメカニズムも提供します。詳細については、「LINQ によるデータ変換 (C#)」を参照してください。

例

次の例は、select 句のすべての異なる形式を示しています。各クエリで、select 句と クエリ変数 (studentQuery1、studentQuery2など) の型の関係に注意してください。

class SelectSample2
{
    // Define some classes
    public class Student
    {
        public required string First { get; init; }
        public required string Last { get; init; }
        public required int ID { get; init; }
        public required List<int> Scores;
        public ContactInfo? GetContactInfo(SelectSample2 app, int id)
        {
            ContactInfo? cInfo =
                (from ci in app.contactList
                where ci.ID == id
                select ci)
                .FirstOrDefault();

            return cInfo;
        }

        public override string ToString() => $"{First} {Last}:{ID}";
    }

    public class ContactInfo
    {
        public required int ID { get; init; }
        public required string Email { get; init; }
        public required string Phone { get; init; }
        public override string ToString() => $"{Email},{Phone}";
    }

    public class ScoreInfo
    {
        public double Average { get; init; }
        public int ID { get; init; }
    }

    // The primary data source
    List<Student> students =
    [
         new Student {First="Svetlana", Last="Omelchenko", ID=111, Scores= new List<int>() {97, 92, 81, 60}},
         new Student {First="Claire", Last="O'Donnell", ID=112, Scores= new List<int>() {75, 84, 91, 39}},
         new Student {First="Sven", Last="Mortensen", ID=113, Scores= new List<int>() {88, 94, 65, 91}},
         new Student {First="Cesar", Last="Garcia", ID=114, Scores= new List<int>() {97, 89, 85, 82}},
    ];

    // Separate data source for contact info.
    List<ContactInfo> contactList =
    [
        new ContactInfo {ID=111, Email="SvetlanO@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-0108"},
        new ContactInfo {ID=112, Email="ClaireO@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-0298"},
        new ContactInfo {ID=113, Email="SvenMort@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-1130"},
        new ContactInfo {ID=114, Email="CesarGar@Contoso.com", Phone="206-555-0521"}
    ];

    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        SelectSample2 app = new SelectSample2();

        // Produce a filtered sequence of unmodified Students.
        IEnumerable<Student> studentQuery1 =
            from student in app.students
            where student.ID > 111
            select student;

        Console.WriteLine("Query1: select range_variable");
        foreach (Student s in studentQuery1)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(s.ToString());
        }

        // Produce a filtered sequence of elements that contain
        // only one property of each Student.
        IEnumerable<String> studentQuery2 =
            from student in app.students
            where student.ID > 111
            select student.Last;

        Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery2: select range_variable.Property");
        foreach (string s in studentQuery2)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(s);
        }

        // Produce a filtered sequence of objects created by
        // a method call on each Student.
        IEnumerable<ContactInfo> studentQuery3 =
            from student in app.students
            where student.ID > 111
            select student.GetContactInfo(app, student.ID);

        Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery3: select range_variable.Method");
        foreach (ContactInfo ci in studentQuery3)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ci.ToString());
        }

        // Produce a filtered sequence of ints from
        // the internal array inside each Student.
        IEnumerable<int> studentQuery4 =
            from student in app.students
            where student.ID > 111
            select student.Scores[0];

        Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery4: select range_variable[index]");
        foreach (int i in studentQuery4)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("First score = {0}", i);
        }

        // Produce a filtered sequence of doubles
        // that are the result of an expression.
        IEnumerable<double> studentQuery5 =
            from student in app.students
            where student.ID > 111
            select student.Scores[0] * 1.1;

        Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery5: select expression");
        foreach (double d in studentQuery5)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Adjusted first score = {0}", d);
        }

        // Produce a filtered sequence of doubles that are
        // the result of a method call.
        IEnumerable<double> studentQuery6 =
            from student in app.students
            where student.ID > 111
            select student.Scores.Average();

        Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery6: select expression2");
        foreach (double d in studentQuery6)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Average = {0}", d);
        }

        // Produce a filtered sequence of anonymous types
        // that contain only two properties from each Student.
        var studentQuery7 =
            from student in app.students
            where student.ID > 111
            select new { student.First, student.Last };

        Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery7: select new anonymous type");
        foreach (var item in studentQuery7)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}, {1}", item.Last, item.First);
        }

        // Produce a filtered sequence of named objects that contain
        // a method return value and a property from each Student.
        // Use named types if you need to pass the query variable
        // across a method boundary.
        IEnumerable<ScoreInfo> studentQuery8 =
            from student in app.students
            where student.ID > 111
            select new ScoreInfo
            {
                Average = student.Scores.Average(),
                ID = student.ID
            };

        Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery8: select new named type");
        foreach (ScoreInfo si in studentQuery8)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("ID = {0}, Average = {1}", si.ID, si.Average);
        }

        // Produce a filtered sequence of students who appear on a contact list
        // and whose average is greater than 85.
        IEnumerable<ContactInfo> studentQuery9 =
            from student in app.students
            where student.Scores.Average() > 85
            join ci in app.contactList on student.ID equals ci.ID
            select ci;

        Console.WriteLine("\r\n studentQuery9: select result of join clause");
        foreach (ContactInfo ci in studentQuery9)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("ID = {0}, Email = {1}", ci.ID, ci.Email);
        }
    }
}
/* Output
    Query1: select range_variable
    Claire O'Donnell:112
    Sven Mortensen:113
    Cesar Garcia:114

    studentQuery2: select range_variable.Property
    O'Donnell
    Mortensen
    Garcia

    studentQuery3: select range_variable.Method
    ClaireO@Contoso.com,206-555-0298
    SvenMort@Contoso.com,206-555-1130
    CesarGar@Contoso.com,206-555-0521

    studentQuery4: select range_variable[index]
    First score = 75
    First score = 88
    First score = 97

    studentQuery5: select expression
    Adjusted first score = 82.5
    Adjusted first score = 96.8
    Adjusted first score = 106.7

    studentQuery6: select expression2
    Average = 72.25
    Average = 84.5
    Average = 88.25

    studentQuery7: select new anonymous type
    O'Donnell, Claire
    Mortensen, Sven
    Garcia, Cesar

    studentQuery8: select new named type
    ID = 112, Average = 72.25
    ID = 113, Average = 84.5
    ID = 114, Average = 88.25

    studentQuery9: select result of join clause
    ID = 114, Email = CesarGar@Contoso.com
*/

前の例の studentQuery8 に示すように、返されるシーケンスの要素にソース要素のプロパティのサブセットのみを含めることもできます。返されるシーケンスをできるだけ小さく維持することで、メモリ要件を減らし、クエリの実行の速度を向上させることができます。これを行うには、select 句で匿名型を作成し、オブジェクト初期化子を使用して、ソース要素からの適切なプロパティで初期化します。これを行う方法の例については、「オブジェクト初期化子とコレクション初期化子」を参照してください。

注釈

コンパイル時に、select 句は、Select 標準クエリ演算子へのメソッドの呼び出しに変換されます。

select 句 (C# リファレンス)

例

注釈

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