This section contains two code examples. The first code example demonstrates how to insert data into a database using the SqlDataSource control and a simple Web Forms page. The second code example demonstrates how to retrieve data from Microsoft SQL Server and display it in a GridView control and how to use a DetailsView control to see details of a selected row into the GridView control and as a form to insert new records.
The following code example demonstrates how to insert data into a database using the SqlDataSource control and a simple Web Forms page. The current data in the Data table is displayed in the DropDownList control. You can add new records by entering values into the TextBox controls, and then clicking the Insert button. When the Insert button is clicked, the specified values are inserted into the database, and the DropDownList control is refreshed.
.gif) Security Note: |
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This example includes a text box that accepts user input, which is a potential security threat, and values are inserted into parameters without validation, which is also a potential security threat. Use the
Inserting event to validate parameter values before executing the query. For more information, see Script Exploits Overview.
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<%@Page Language="VB" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">
Private Sub InsertShipper (ByVal Source As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
SqlDataSource1.Insert()
End Sub ' InsertShipper
</script>
<html >
<head runat="server">
<title>ASP.NET Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
Existing Shipping Companies<br />
<asp:dropdownlist
id="DropDownList1"
runat="server"
datasourceid="SqlDataSource1"
datatextfield="CompanyName"
datavaluefield="ShipperID" />
<!-- Security Note: The SqlDataSource uses a FormParameter,
Security Note: which does not perform validation of input from the client.
Security Note: To validate the value of the FormParameter, handle the Inserting event. -->
<asp:sqldatasource
id="SqlDataSource1"
runat="server"
connectionstring="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyNorthwind %>"
selectcommand="SELECT CompanyName,ShipperID FROM Shippers"
insertcommand="INSERT INTO Shippers (CompanyName,Phone) VALUES (@CoName,@Phone)">
<insertparameters>
<asp:formparameter name="CoName" formfield="CompanyNameBox" />
<asp:formparameter name="Phone" formfield="PhoneBox" />
</insertparameters>
</asp:sqldatasource>
<br />
<br />
Add new Company and Phone Number<br />
Company Name
<asp:textbox
id="CompanyNameBox"
runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator
id="RequiredFieldValidator1"
runat="server"
ControlToValidate="CompanyNameBox"
Display="Static"
ErrorMessage="Please enter a company name." />
<br />
Phone Number
<asp:textbox
id="PhoneBox"
runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator
id="RequiredFieldValidator2"
runat="server"
ControlToValidate="PhoneBox"
Display="Static"
ErrorMessage="Please enter a phone number." />
<br /><asp:button
id="Button1"
runat="server"
text="Insert New Shipper"
onclick="InsertShipper" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
<%@Page Language="C#" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">
private void InsertShipper (object source, EventArgs e) {
SqlDataSource1.Insert();
}
</script>
<html >
<head runat="server">
<title>ASP.NET Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
Existing Shipping Companies<br />
<asp:dropdownlist
id="DropDownList1"
runat="server"
datasourceid="SqlDataSource1"
datatextfield="CompanyName"
datavaluefield="ShipperID" />
<!-- Security Note: The SqlDataSource uses a FormParameter,
Security Note: which does not perform validation of input from the client.
Security Note: To validate the value of the FormParameter, handle the Inserting event. -->
<asp:sqldatasource
id="SqlDataSource1"
runat="server"
connectionstring="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyNorthwind %>"
selectcommand="SELECT CompanyName,ShipperID FROM Shippers"
insertcommand="INSERT INTO Shippers (CompanyName,Phone) VALUES (@CoName,@Phone)">
<insertparameters>
<asp:formparameter name="CoName" formfield="CompanyNameBox" />
<asp:formparameter name="Phone" formfield="PhoneBox" />
</insertparameters>
</asp:sqldatasource>
<br />
<br />
Add new Company and Phone Number<br />
Company Name
<asp:textbox
id="CompanyNameBox"
runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator
id="RequiredFieldValidator1"
runat="server"
ControlToValidate="CompanyNameBox"
Display="Static"
ErrorMessage="Please enter a company name." />
<br />
Phone Number
<asp:textbox
id="PhoneBox"
runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator
id="RequiredFieldValidator2"
runat="server"
ControlToValidate="PhoneBox"
Display="Static"
ErrorMessage="Please enter a phone number." />
<br /><asp:button
id="Button1"
runat="server"
text="Insert New Shipper"
onclick="InsertShipper" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
<%@Page Language="VJ#" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">
private void InsertShipper(Object source, System.EventArgs e)
{
SqlDataSource1.Insert();
} //InsertShipper
</script>
<html >
<head runat="server">
<title>ASP.NET Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<asp:dropdownlist
id="DropDownList1"
runat="server"
datasourceid="SqlDataSource1"
datatextfield="CompanyName"
datavaluefield="ShipperID" />
<asp:sqldatasource
id="SqlDataSource1"
runat="server"
connectionstring="Data Source=localhost;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=Northwind;Connect Timeout=15"
selectcommand="SELECT CompanyName,ShipperID FROM Shippers"
insertcommand="INSERT INTO Shippers (CompanyName,Phone) VALUES (@CoName,@Phone)">
<insertparameters>
<asp:formparameter name="CoName" formfield="CompanyNameBox" />
<asp:formparameter name="Phone" formfield="PhoneBox" />
</insertparameters>
</asp:sqldatasource>
<br /><asp:textbox
id="CompanyNameBox"
runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator
id="RequiredFieldValidator1"
runat="server"
ControlToValidate="CompanyNameBox"
Display="Static"
ErrorMessage="Please enter a company name." />
<br /><asp:textbox
id="PhoneBox"
runat="server" />
<asp:RequiredFieldValidator
id="RequiredFieldValidator2"
runat="server"
ControlToValidate="PhoneBox"
Display="Static"
ErrorMessage="Please enter a phone number." />
<br /><asp:button
id="Button1"
runat="server"
text="Insert New Shipper"
onclick="InsertShipper" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
The following code example demonstrates how to retrieve data from SQL Server and display it in a GridView control and how to use a DetailsView control to see details of a selected row in the GridView control and as a form to insert new records.
Initially, the data is displayed in the GridView control, and the selected row of the GridView is also displayed in the DetailsView control. The GridView and DetailsView controls use different data source controls; the one that is associated with the DetailsView has the FilterExpression and FilterParameters properties, which ensures that the selected row of the GridView is displayed.
If you click the automatically generated Insert button of the DetailsView control, the DetailsView shows a different user interface, which is used to insert a new record. The example uses a stored procedure to insert records and returns the primary key of the inserted row. If you insert a record, the DetailsView automatically populates the InsertParameters collection with values from the bound columns and calls the Insert method. The DetailsView can infer the correct parameters from any BoundField object and a parameter for the TemplateField object when the ASP.NET two-way data-binding syntax is used. In this example, an additional parameter is added in the OnInserting event handler to handle the primary key that is returned by the stored procedure.
Finally, after data is inserted into the database by the DetailsView control, the OnInserted event handler is called to handle the Inserted event, the value of the primary key of the inserted row is displayed and the DataBind method of the GridView control is called explicitly to refresh the data.
<%@Page Language="VB" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data.Common" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data.SqlClient" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">
Sub On_Inserting(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As SqlDataSourceCommandEventArgs)
Dim insertedKey As SqlParameter
insertedKey = New SqlParameter("@PK_New", SqlDbType.Int)
insertedKey.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
e.Command.Parameters.Add(insertedKey)
End Sub 'On_Inserting
Sub On_Inserted(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As SqlDataSourceStatusEventArgs)
Dim command As DbCommand
command = e.Command
' The label displays the primary key of the recently inserted row.
Label1.Text = command.Parameters("@PK_New").Value.ToString()
' Explicitly call DataBind to refresh the data
' and show the newly inserted row.
GridView1.DataBind()
End Sub 'On_Inserted
</script>
<html >
<head runat="server">
<title>ASP.NET Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<asp:GridView
id="GridView1"
runat="server"
AutoGenerateColumns="False"
DataKeyNames="EmployeeID"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1">
<columns>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="First Name" DataField="FirstName" />
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Last Name" DataField="LastName" />
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Title" DataField="Title" />
<asp:ButtonField ButtonType="Link" CommandName="Select" Text="Details..." />
</columns>
</asp:GridView>
<asp:SqlDataSource
id="SqlDataSource1"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyNorthwind %>"
SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID,FirstName,LastName,Title FROM Employees">
</asp:SqlDataSource>
<hr />
<asp:DetailsView
id="DetailsView1"
runat="server"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource2"
AutoGenerateRows="False"
AutoGenerateInsertButton="True">
<fields>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="First Name" DataField="FirstName" ReadOnly="False"/>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Last Name" DataField="LastName" ReadOnly="False"/>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Title">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:DropDownList
id="TitleDropDownList"
runat="server"
selectedvalue="<%# Bind('Title') %>" >
<asp:ListItem Selected="True">Sales Representative</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Sales Manager</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Vice President, Sales</asp:ListItem>
</asp:DropDownList>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Notes" DataField="Notes" ReadOnly="False"/>
</fields>
</asp:DetailsView>
<asp:SqlDataSource
id="SqlDataSource2"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyNorthwind%>"
SelectCommand="SELECT * FROM Employees"
InsertCommandType = "StoredProcedure"
InsertCommand="sp_insertemployee"
OnInserting="On_Inserting"
OnInserted ="On_Inserted"
FilterExpression="EmployeeID={0}">
<FilterParameters>
<asp:ControlParameter Name="EmployeeID" ControlId="GridView1" PropertyName="SelectedValue" />
</FilterParameters>
</asp:SqlDataSource>
<!--
-- An example sp_insertemployee stored procedure that returns
-- the primary key of the row that was inserted in an OUT parameter.
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insertemployee
@FirstName nvarchar(10),
@LastName nvarchar(20) ,
@Title nvarchar(30),
@Notes nvarchar(200),
@PK_New int OUTPUT
AS
INSERT INTO Employees(FirstName,LastName,Title,Notes)VALUES (@FirstName,@LastName,@Title,@Notes)
SELECT @PK_New = @@IDENTITY
RETURN (1)
GO
-->
<asp:Label
id="Label1"
runat="server" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
<%@Page Language="C#" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data.Common" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data.SqlClient" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">
private void On_Inserting(Object sender, SqlDataSourceCommandEventArgs e) {
SqlParameter insertedKey = new SqlParameter("@PK_New", SqlDbType.Int);
insertedKey.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
e.Command.Parameters.Add(insertedKey);
}
private void On_Inserted(Object sender, SqlDataSourceStatusEventArgs e) {
DbCommand command = e.Command;
// The label displays the primary key of the recently inserted row.
Label1.Text = command.Parameters["@PK_New"].Value.ToString();
// Force a refresh after the data is inserted.
GridView1.DataBind();
}
</script>
<html >
<head runat="server">
<title>ASP.NET Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<asp:GridView
id="GridView1"
runat="server"
AutoGenerateColumns="False"
DataKeyNames="EmployeeID"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1">
<columns>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="First Name" DataField="FirstName" />
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Last Name" DataField="LastName" />
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Title" DataField="Title" />
<asp:ButtonField ButtonType="Link" CommandName="Select" Text="Details..." />
</columns>
</asp:GridView>
<asp:SqlDataSource
id="SqlDataSource1"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyNorthwind %>"
SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID,FirstName,LastName,Title FROM Employees">
</asp:SqlDataSource>
<hr />
<asp:DetailsView
id="DetailsView1"
runat="server"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource2"
AutoGenerateRows="False"
AutoGenerateInsertButton="True">
<fields>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="First Name" DataField="FirstName" ReadOnly="False"/>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Last Name" DataField="LastName" ReadOnly="False"/>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Title">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:DropDownList
id="TitleDropDownList"
runat="server"
selectedvalue="<%# Bind('Title') %>" >
<asp:ListItem Selected="True">Sales Representative</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Sales Manager</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Vice President, Sales</asp:ListItem>
</asp:DropDownList>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Notes" DataField="Notes" ReadOnly="False"/>
</fields>
</asp:DetailsView>
<asp:SqlDataSource
id="SqlDataSource2"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:MyNorthwind%>"
SelectCommand="SELECT * FROM Employees"
InsertCommandType = "StoredProcedure"
InsertCommand="sp_insertemployee"
OnInserting="On_Inserting"
OnInserted ="On_Inserted"
FilterExpression="EmployeeID={0}">
<FilterParameters>
<asp:ControlParameter Name="EmployeeID" ControlId="GridView1" PropertyName="SelectedValue" />
</FilterParameters>
</asp:SqlDataSource>
<!--
-- An example sp_insertemployee stored procedure that returns
-- the primary key of the row that was inserted in an OUT parameter.
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_insertemployee
@FirstName nvarchar(10),
@LastName nvarchar(20) ,
@Title nvarchar(30),
@Notes nvarchar(200),
@PK_New int OUTPUT
AS
INSERT INTO Employees(FirstName,LastName,Title,Notes)VALUES (@FirstName,@LastName,@Title,@Notes)
SELECT @PK_New = @@IDENTITY
RETURN (1)
GO
-->
<asp:Label
id="Label1"
runat="server" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
<%@Page Language="VJ#" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data.Common" %>
<%@Import Namespace="System.Data.SqlClient" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">
private void On_Inserting(Object sender, SqlDataSourceCommandEventArgs e)
{
// Add the Title parameter from the TemplatedField.
// Cast the first Item of the DetailsView to a Table.
Table tbl = (Table)DetailsView1.get_Controls().get_Item(0);
// Get row two (the third row) from the rows collection.
// This is the row that the DropDownList is in.
TableRowCollection rows = tbl.get_Rows();
TableRow titleRow = rows.get_Item(2);
// Cast the second item in the controls collection of cell one as a
// DropDownList.
DropDownList title = (DropDownList)titleRow.get_Cells().get_Item(1).
get_Controls().get_Item(1);
SqlParameter titleParam = new SqlParameter(
"@Title", title.get_SelectedValue());
e.get_Command().get_Parameters().Add(titleParam);
} //On_Inserting
private void On_Inserted(Object sender, SqlDataSourceStatusEventArgs e)
{
// Explicitly call DataBind to refresh the data
// and show the newly inserted row.
GridView1.DataBind();
} //On_Inserted
</script>
<html >
<head runat="server">
<title>ASP.NET Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<asp:GridView
id="GridView1"
runat="server"
AutoGenerateColumns="False"
DataKeyNames="EmployeeID"
SelectedIndex="0"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource1">
<Columns>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="First Name" DataField="FirstName" />
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Last Name" DataField="LastName" />
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Title" DataField="Title" />
<asp:ButtonField ButtonType="Link" CommandName="Select" Text="Details..." />
</Columns>
</asp:GridView>
<asp:SqlDataSource
id="SqlDataSource1"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="Data Source=localhost;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=Northwind;"
SelectCommand="SELECT EmployeeID,FirstName,LastName,Title FROM Employees">
</asp:SqlDataSource>
<hr />
<asp:DetailsView
id="DetailsView1"
runat="server"
DataSourceID="SqlDataSource2"
AutoGenerateRows="False"
AutoGenerateInsertButton="True">
<Fields>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="First Name" DataField="FirstName" ReadOnly="False"/>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Last Name" DataField="LastName" ReadOnly="False"/>
<asp:TemplateField HeaderText="Title">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:DropDownList
runat="server">
<asp:ListItem Selected="True">Sales Representative</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Sales Manager</asp:ListItem>
<asp:ListItem>Vice President, Sales</asp:ListItem>
</asp:DropDownList>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:TemplateField>
<asp:BoundField HeaderText="Notes" DataField="Notes" ReadOnly="False"/>
</Fields>
</asp:DetailsView>
<asp:SqlDataSource
id="SqlDataSource2"
runat="server"
ConnectionString="Data Source=localhost;Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=Northwind;"
SelectCommand="SELECT * FROM Employees"
InsertCommand="INSERT INTO Employees(FirstName,LastName,Title,Notes)VALUES (@FirstName,@LastName,@Title,@Notes)"
OnInserting="On_Inserting"
OnInserted="On_Inserted"
FilterExpression="EmployeeID=@EmployeeID">
<FilterParameters>
<asp:ControlParameter Name="EmployeeID" ControlId="GridView1" PropertyName="SelectedDataKey.Value"/>
</FilterParameters>
</asp:SqlDataSource>
</form>
</body>
</html>