Math.Sqrt Method (System)

Sqrt Method

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Microsoft Visual Studio 2008/.NET Framework 3.5

Other versions are also available for the following:

.NET Framework Class Library

Math..::.Sqrt Method

Updated: November 2007

Returns the square root of a specified number.

Namespace: System
Assembly: mscorlib (in mscorlib.dll)

Syntax

Visual Basic (Declaration)

Public Shared Function Sqrt ( _
    d As Double _
) As Double

Visual Basic (Usage)

Dim d As Double
Dim returnValue As Double

returnValue = Math.Sqrt(d)

public static double Sqrt(
    double d
)

Visual C++

public:
static double Sqrt(
    double d
)

public static double Sqrt(
    double d
)

JScript

public static function Sqrt(
    d : double
) : double

Parameters

d: Type: System..::.Double
A number.

Return Value

Type: System..::.Double

Value of d	Returns
Zero, or positive	The positive square root of d.
Negative	NaN

If d is equal to NaN or PositiveInfinity, that value is returned.

Examples

The following code sample uses Sqrt to assist in the computation of the inner angles of a given trapezoid.

Visual Basic

'The following class represents simple functionality of the trapezoid.
Class MathTrapezoidSample

    Private m_longBase As Double
    Private m_shortBase As Double
    Private m_leftLeg As Double
    Private m_rightLeg As Double

    Public Sub New(ByVal longbase As Double, ByVal shortbase As Double, ByVal leftLeg As Double, ByVal rightLeg As Double)
        m_longBase = Math.Abs(longbase)
        m_shortBase = Math.Abs(shortbase)
        m_leftLeg = Math.Abs(leftLeg)
        m_rightLeg = Math.Abs(rightLeg)
    End Sub

    Private Function GetRightSmallBase() As Double
        GetRightSmallBase = (Math.Pow(m_rightLeg, 2) - Math.Pow(m_leftLeg, 2) + Math.Pow(m_longBase, 2) + Math.Pow(m_shortBase, 2) - 2 * m_shortBase * m_longBase) / (2 * (m_longBase - m_shortBase))
    End Function

    Public Function GetHeight() As Double
        Dim x As Double = GetRightSmallBase()
        GetHeight = Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(m_rightLeg, 2) - Math.Pow(x, 2))
    End Function

    Public Function GetSquare() As Double
        GetSquare = GetHeight() * m_longBase / 2
    End Function

    Public Function GetLeftBaseRadianAngle() As Double
        Dim sinX As Double = GetHeight() / m_leftLeg
        GetLeftBaseRadianAngle = Math.Round(Math.Asin(sinX), 2)
    End Function

    Public Function GetRightBaseRadianAngle() As Double
        Dim x As Double = GetRightSmallBase()
        Dim cosX As Double = (Math.Pow(m_rightLeg, 2) + Math.Pow(x, 2) - Math.Pow(GetHeight(), 2)) / (2 * x * m_rightLeg)
        GetRightBaseRadianAngle = Math.Round(Math.Acos(cosX), 2)
    End Function

    Public Function GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle() As Double
        Dim x As Double = GetLeftBaseRadianAngle() * 180 / Math.PI
        GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle = Math.Round(x, 2)
    End Function

    Public Function GetRightBaseDegreeAngle() As Double
        Dim x As Double = GetRightBaseRadianAngle() * 180 / Math.PI
        GetRightBaseDegreeAngle = Math.Round(x, 2)
    End Function

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Dim trpz As MathTrapezoidSample = New MathTrapezoidSample(20, 10, 8, 6)
        Console.WriteLine("The trapezoid's bases are 20.0 and 10.0, the trapezoid's legs are 8.0 and 6.0")
        Dim h As Double = trpz.GetHeight()
        Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid height is: " + h.ToString())
        Dim dxR As Double = trpz.GetLeftBaseRadianAngle()
        Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dxR.ToString() + " Radians")
        Dim dyR As Double = trpz.GetRightBaseRadianAngle()
        Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid right base angle is: " + dyR.ToString() + " Radians")
        Dim dxD As Double = trpz.GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle()
        Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dxD.ToString() + " Degrees")
        Dim dyD As Double = trpz.GetRightBaseDegreeAngle()
        Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dyD.ToString() + " Degrees")
    End Sub

End Class

    /// <summary>
    /// The following class represents simple functionality of the trapezoid.
    /// </summary>
    class MathTrapezoidSample
    {
        private double m_longBase;
        private double m_shortBase;
        private double m_leftLeg;
        private double m_rightLeg;

        public MathTrapezoidSample(double longbase, double shortbase, double leftLeg, double rightLeg)
        {
            m_longBase = Math.Abs(longbase);
            m_shortBase = Math.Abs(shortbase);
            m_leftLeg = Math.Abs(leftLeg);
            m_rightLeg = Math.Abs(rightLeg);
        }

        private double GetRightSmallBase()
        {
            return (Math.Pow(m_rightLeg,2.0) - Math.Pow(m_leftLeg,2.0) + Math.Pow(m_longBase,2.0) + Math.Pow(m_shortBase,2.0) - 2* m_shortBase * m_longBase)/ (2*(m_longBase - m_shortBase));
        }

        public double GetHeight()
        {
            double x = GetRightSmallBase();
            return Math.Sqrt(Math.Pow(m_rightLeg,2.0) - Math.Pow(x,2.0));
        }

        public double GetSquare()
        {
            return GetHeight() * m_longBase / 2.0;
        }

        public double GetLeftBaseRadianAngle()
        {
            double sinX = GetHeight()/m_leftLeg;
            return Math.Round(Math.Asin(sinX),2);
        }

        public double GetRightBaseRadianAngle()
        {
            double x = GetRightSmallBase();
            double cosX = (Math.Pow(m_rightLeg,2.0) + Math.Pow(x,2.0) - Math.Pow(GetHeight(),2.0))/(2*x*m_rightLeg);
            return Math.Round(Math.Acos(cosX),2);
        }

        public double GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle()
        {
            double x = GetLeftBaseRadianAngle() * 180/ Math.PI;
            return Math.Round(x,2);
        }

        public double GetRightBaseDegreeAngle()
        {
            double x = GetRightBaseRadianAngle() * 180/ Math.PI;
            return Math.Round(x,2);
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            MathTrapezoidSample trpz = new MathTrapezoidSample(20.0, 10.0, 8.0, 6.0);
            Console.WriteLine("The trapezoid's bases are 20.0 and 10.0, the trapezoid's legs are 8.0 and 6.0");
            double h = trpz.GetHeight();
            Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid height is: " + h.ToString());
            double dxR = trpz.GetLeftBaseRadianAngle();
            Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dxR.ToString() + " Radians");
            double dyR = trpz.GetRightBaseRadianAngle();
            Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid right base angle is: " + dyR.ToString() + " Radians");
            double dxD = trpz.GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle();
            Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dxD.ToString() + " Degrees");
            double dyD = trpz.GetRightBaseDegreeAngle();
            Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid left base angle is: " + dyD.ToString() + " Degrees");
        }
    }

Visual C++

/// <summary>
/// The following class represents simple functionality of the trapezoid.
/// </summary>
public ref class MathTrapezoidSample
{
private:
   double m_longBase;
   double m_shortBase;
   double m_leftLeg;
   double m_rightLeg;

public:
   MathTrapezoidSample( double longbase, double shortbase, double leftLeg, double rightLeg )
   {
      m_longBase = Math::Abs( longbase );
      m_shortBase = Math::Abs( shortbase );
      m_leftLeg = Math::Abs( leftLeg );
      m_rightLeg = Math::Abs( rightLeg );
   }


private:
   double GetRightSmallBase()
   {
      return (Math::Pow( m_rightLeg, 2.0 ) - Math::Pow( m_leftLeg, 2.0 ) + Math::Pow( m_longBase, 2.0 ) + Math::Pow( m_shortBase, 2.0 ) - 2 * m_shortBase * m_longBase) / (2 * (m_longBase - m_shortBase));
   }


public:
   double GetHeight()
   {
      double x = GetRightSmallBase();
      return Math::Sqrt( Math::Pow( m_rightLeg, 2.0 ) - Math::Pow( x, 2.0 ) );
   }

   double GetSquare()
   {
      return GetHeight() * m_longBase / 2.0;
   }

   double GetLeftBaseRadianAngle()
   {
      double sinX = GetHeight() / m_leftLeg;
      return Math::Round( Math::Asin( sinX ), 2 );
   }

   double GetRightBaseRadianAngle()
   {
      double x = GetRightSmallBase();
      double cosX = (Math::Pow( m_rightLeg, 2.0 ) + Math::Pow( x, 2.0 ) - Math::Pow( GetHeight(), 2.0 )) / (2 * x * m_rightLeg);
      return Math::Round( Math::Acos( cosX ), 2 );
   }

   double GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle()
   {
      double x = GetLeftBaseRadianAngle() * 180 / Math::PI;
      return Math::Round( x, 2 );
   }

   double GetRightBaseDegreeAngle()
   {
      double x = GetRightBaseRadianAngle() * 180 / Math::PI;
      return Math::Round( x, 2 );
   }

};

int main()
{
   MathTrapezoidSample^ trpz = gcnew MathTrapezoidSample( 20.0,10.0,8.0,6.0 );
   Console::WriteLine( "The trapezoid's bases are 20.0 and 10.0, the trapezoid's legs are 8.0 and 6.0" );
   double h = trpz->GetHeight();
   Console::WriteLine( "Trapezoid height is: {0}", h.ToString() );
   double dxR = trpz->GetLeftBaseRadianAngle();
   Console::WriteLine( "Trapezoid left base angle is: {0} Radians", dxR.ToString() );
   double dyR = trpz->GetRightBaseRadianAngle();
   Console::WriteLine( "Trapezoid right base angle is: {0} Radians", dyR.ToString() );
   double dxD = trpz->GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle();
   Console::WriteLine( "Trapezoid left base angle is: {0} Degrees", dxD.ToString() );
   double dyD = trpz->GetRightBaseDegreeAngle();
   Console::WriteLine( "Trapezoid left base angle is: {0} Degrees", dyD.ToString() );
}

/// <summary>
/// The following class represents simple functionality of the trapezoid.
/// </summary>
class MathTrapezoidSample
{
    private double mLongBase;
    private double mShortBase;
    private double mLeftLeg;
    private double mRightLeg;
    public MathTrapezoidSample(double longBase, double shortBase, 
        double leftLeg, double rightLeg)
    {
        mLongBase = System.Math.Abs(longBase);
        mShortBase = System.Math.Abs(shortBase);
        mLeftLeg = System.Math.Abs(leftLeg);
        mRightLeg = System.Math.Abs(rightLeg);
    } //MathTrapezoidSample

    private double GetRightSmallBase()
    {
        return (System.Math.Pow(mRightLeg, 2.0) 
            - System.Math.Pow(mLeftLeg, 2.0) 
            + System.Math.Pow(mLongBase, 2.0) 
            + System.Math.Pow(mShortBase, 2.0) 
            - 2 * mShortBase * mLongBase) / (2 * (mLongBase - mShortBase));
    } //GetRightSmallBase

    public double GetHeight()
    {
        double x = GetRightSmallBase();
        return System.Math.Sqrt(System.Math.Pow(mRightLeg, 2.0) 
            - System.Math.Pow(x, 2.0));
    } //GetHeight

    public double GetSquare()
    {
        return GetHeight() * mLongBase / 2.0;
    } //GetSquare

    public double GetLeftBaseRadianAngle()
    {
        double sinX = GetHeight() / mLeftLeg;
        return System.Math.Round(System.Math.Asin(sinX), 2);
    } //GetLeftBaseRadianAngle

    public double GetRightBaseRadianAngle()
    {
        double x = GetRightSmallBase();
        double cosX = (System.Math.Pow(mRightLeg, 2.0) 
               + System.Math.Pow(x, 2.0) 
               - System.Math.Pow(GetHeight(), 2.0)) / (2 * x * mRightLeg);
        return System.Math.Round(System.Math.Acos(cosX), 2);
    } //GetRightBaseRadianAngle

    public double GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle()
    {
        double x = GetLeftBaseRadianAngle() * 180 / System.Math.PI;
        return System.Math.Round(x, 2);
    } //GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle

    public double GetRightBaseDegreeAngle()
    {
        double x = GetRightBaseRadianAngle() * 180 / System.Math.PI;
        return System.Math.Round(x, 2);
    } //GetRightBaseDegreeAngle

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        MathTrapezoidSample trpz = 
            new MathTrapezoidSample(20.0, 10.0, 8.0, 6.0);
        Console.WriteLine("The trapezoid's bases are 20.0 and 10.0,"
            + " the trapezoid's legs are 8.0 and 6.0");
        double h = trpz.GetHeight();
        Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid height is: " 
            + System.Convert.ToString(h));
        double dxR = trpz.GetLeftBaseRadianAngle();
        Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid left base angle is: " 
            + System.Convert.ToString(dxR) + " Radians");
        double dyR = trpz.GetRightBaseRadianAngle();
        Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid right base angle is: " 
            + System.Convert.ToString(dyR) + " Radians");
        double dxD = trpz.GetLeftBaseDegreeAngle();
        Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid left base angle is: " 
            + System.Convert.ToString(dxD) + " Degrees");
        double dyD = trpz.GetRightBaseDegreeAngle();
        Console.WriteLine("Trapezoid left base angle is: " 
            + System.Convert.ToString(dyD) + " Degrees");
    } //main
} //MathTrapezoidSample

Platforms

Windows Vista, Windows XP SP2, Windows XP Media Center Edition, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, Windows XP Starter Edition, Windows Server 2003, Windows Server 2000 SP4, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows 98, Windows CE, Windows Mobile for Smartphone, Windows Mobile for Pocket PC, Xbox 360

The .NET Framework and .NET Compact Framework do not support all versions of every platform. For a list of the supported versions, see .NET Framework System Requirements.

Version Information