Mathematical functions (Transact-SQL)

Applies to: SQL Server Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW) SQL analytics endpoint in Microsoft Fabric Warehouse in Microsoft Fabric

The following scalar functions perform a calculation, usually based on input values that are provided as arguments, and return a numeric value:

• ABS
• ACOS
• ASIN
• ATAN
• ATN2
• CEILING
• COS
• COT
• DEGREES
• EXP
• FLOOR
• LOG
• LOG10
• PI
• POWER
• RADIANS
• RAND
• ROUND
• SIGN
• SIN
• SQRT
• SQUARE
• TAN

Arithmetic functions, such as ABS, CEILING, DEGREES, FLOOR, POWER, RADIANS, and SIGN, return a value having the same data type as the input value. Trigonometric and other functions, including EXP, LOG, LOG10, SQUARE, and SQRT, cast their input values to float and return a float value.

All mathematical functions, except for RAND, are deterministic functions. This means they return the same results each time they're called with a specific set of input values. RAND is deterministic only when a seed parameter is specified. For more information about function determinism, see Deterministic and nondeterministic functions.

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