Finding the Default Paragraph Style

The first task in the Manipulating Information in a WordprocessingML Document tutorial is to find the default style of paragraphs in the document.

Example

Description

The following example opens an Office Open XML WordprocessingML document, finds the document and style parts of the package, and then executes a query that finds the default style name. For information about Office Open XML document packages, and the parts they consist of, see Details of Office Open XML WordprocessingML Documents.

The query finds a node named w:style that has an attribute named w:type with a value of "paragraph", and also has an attribute named w:default with a value of "1". Because there will be only one XML node with these attributes, the query uses the Enumerable.First operator to convert a collection to a singleton. It then gets the value of the attribute with the name w:styleId.

This example uses classes from the WindowsBase assembly. It uses types in the System.IO.Packaging namespace.

Code

const string fileName = "SampleDoc.docx";

const string documentRelationshipType =
  "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/officeDocument";
const string stylesRelationshipType =
  "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/styles";
const string wordmlNamespace =
  "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main";
XNamespace w = wordmlNamespace;

XDocument xDoc = null;
XDocument styleDoc = null;

using (Package wdPackage = Package.Open(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read))
{
    PackageRelationship docPackageRelationship =
      wdPackage.GetRelationshipsByType(documentRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault();
    if (docPackageRelationship != null)
    {
        Uri documentUri = PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(new Uri("/", UriKind.Relative),
          docPackageRelationship.TargetUri);
        PackagePart documentPart = wdPackage.GetPart(documentUri);

        //  Load the document XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
        xDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(documentPart.GetStream()));

        //  Find the styles part. There will only be one.
        PackageRelationship styleRelation =
          documentPart.GetRelationshipsByType(stylesRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault();
        if (styleRelation != null)
        {
            Uri styleUri = PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(documentUri, styleRelation.TargetUri);
            PackagePart stylePart = wdPackage.GetPart(styleUri);

            //  Load the style XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
            styleDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(stylePart.GetStream()));
        }
    }
}

// The following query finds all the paragraphs that have the default style.
string defaultStyle = 
    (string)(
        from style in styleDoc.Root.Elements(w + "style")
        where (string)style.Attribute(w + "type") == "paragraph"&&
              (string)style.Attribute(w + "default") == "1"
              select style
    ).First().Attribute(w + "styleId");

Console.WriteLine("The default style is: {0}", defaultStyle);

Imports <xmlns:w="https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main">

Module Module1

    Sub Main()

        Const fileName As String = "SampleDoc.docx"

        Const documentRelationshipType As String = _
          "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/officeDocument"
        Const stylesRelationshipType As String = _
          "https://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/relationships/styles"

        Dim xDoc As XDocument = Nothing
        Dim styleDoc As XDocument = Nothing

        Using wdPackage As Package = Package.Open(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)
            Dim docPackageRelationship As PackageRelationship = _
              wdPackage.GetRelationshipsByType(documentRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault()
            If docPackageRelationship IsNot Nothing Then
                Dim documentUri As Uri = PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(New Uri("/", UriKind.Relative), _
                  docPackageRelationship.TargetUri)
                Dim documentPart As PackagePart = wdPackage.GetPart(documentUri)

                ' Load the document XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
                xDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(documentPart.GetStream()))

                ' Find the styles part. There will only be one.
                Dim styleRelation As PackageRelationship = _
                  documentPart.GetRelationshipsByType(stylesRelationshipType).FirstOrDefault()
                If styleRelation IsNot Nothing Then
                    Dim styleUri As Uri = _
                      PackUriHelper.ResolvePartUri(documentUri, styleRelation.TargetUri)
                    Dim stylePart As PackagePart = wdPackage.GetPart(styleUri)

                    ' Load the style XML in the part into an XDocument instance.
                    styleDoc = XDocument.Load(XmlReader.Create(stylePart.GetStream()))
                End If
            End If
        End Using

        ' The following query finds all the paragraphs that have the default style.
        Dim defParas As IEnumerable(Of XElement) = _
            From style In styleDoc.Root.<w:style> _
            Where style.@w:type.Equals("paragraph") And _
                   style.@w:default.Equals("1") _
            Select style
        ' Then find the style of the first.
        Dim defaultStyle As String = defParas.First().@w:styleId

        Console.WriteLine("The default style is: " & defaultStyle)
    End Sub
End Module

Comments

This example produces the following output:

The default style is: Normal

Next Steps

In the next example, we will create a similar query that finds all the paragraphs in a document and their styles:

• Retrieving the Paragraphs and Their Styles

See Also

Concepts

Tutorial: Manipulating Content in a WordprocessingML Document