Storage Efficiency and Texture Compression
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4/8/2010
All texture compression formats have dimensions that are divisible by 4. The X and Y dimensions do not have to be square, but they do have to be a multiple of 4. For example, if a texture is originally 512×128 bytes, then the next mipmapping would be 256×64 and so on, with each level decreasing by a power of 2. At lower levels, where the texture is filtered to 16×2 and 8×1, there will be wasted bits because the compression block is always a 4×4 block of texels. Unused portions of the block are padded. Although there are wasted bits at the lowest levels, the overall gain is still significant. The worst case is, in theory, a 2K×1 texture (20 power). Here, only a single row of pixels is encoded per block, while the rest of the block is unused.