SELECT - SQL Command - HAVING Clause

The HAVING clause specifies conditions that determines the groups included in the query. If the SQL SELECT statement does not contain aggregate functions, you can use a SQL SELECT statement that contains a HAVING clause without a GROUP BY clause.

For the complete syntax, see SELECT - SQL Command.

The detailed syntax for the HAVING clause is as follows:

HAVING FilterCondition [AND | OR ...]

Parameters

• FilterCondition
  Specifies criteria that groups must meet for inclusion in the query results. The HAVING clause can include multiple filter conditions connected by AND or OR operators. To reverse the value of a logical expression, use NOT.

  Note

  Filter conditions in the HAVING clause cannot contain subqueries. You can use local aliases and aggregate functions in the HAVING clause. For more information on aggregate functions in the HAVING clause, see Considerations for SQL SELECT Statements.

Remarks

The following code shows a summary of the main clauses of the SELECT - SQL Command:

SELECT Select_List
   FROM Table_List
...[WITH (BUFFERING = lExpr)]
   [WHERE Conditions]
   [GROUP BY Column_List]
   [HAVING Conditions]
   [UNION Clause]
   [ORDER BY Column_List]
   [INTO Clause | TO Clause ]
   [Additional_Display_Options]

For more information about a particular clause of the SQL SELECT command, see the following topics:

• SELECT Clause

• FROM Clause

• SELECT - SQL Command - WITH Clause

• SELECT - SQL Command - WHERE Clause

• GROUP BY Clause

• UNION Clause

• ORDER BY Clause

• INTO or TO Clause

• Additional Display Options

See Also

Reference

CREATE QUERY Command
CREATE TABLE - SQL Command
MODIFY QUERY Command

Other Resources

Working with Queries
Working with Views (Visual FoxPro)
Query and View Designers